Paul,
It is quite a simple calaculation which is why i'm a bit suprised it hasn't been incorporated into SAM yet. But basically a 100% demand ratchet over a 12 month rolling period would look at a annual peak and then charge the customer their demand portion by that amount for each month.
Or in other words, if annual peak demand was 100 kW and the demand charge was $10/kW then the customer's annual demand charge would simply be (100kW)*($10/kW)*(12) = $12,000.
Using ratchets lower than 100%, 90% for example, sets the annual max to 90% distributed to each month's demand charge. The exception to this is if that month's actual demand is greater than the 90% of the annual peak. In that case the actual month's peak demand is used.