For a description of the algorithms SAM uses to model photovoltaic cell temperatures, please see Sections 9.7 and 9.8 of the photovoltaic reference manual available on the Performance Model Documentation page:
sam.nrel.gov/performance
As for modifying equations, we are working on some enhancements to the SDK that will make it possible to make some changes to the underlying code, and will consider your request as we proceed with that work.
Best regards,
Paul.